In December I wrote some Python code to do calculations with pre-decimal British currency. As well as dealing with the awkwardness of pounds, shillings, and pence, I needed to allow for situations where a damaged or illegible manuscript made the values uncertain. To start with I wrote a class called MetaOldMoney which could store exact amounts of money or ranges of values.
Now I’ve written some new code which can easily deal with uncertain values of anything. There are three classes: one to represent an exact value, one to represent a range where the minimum and maximum values are known, and one to represent a minimum value with no maximum. Instances of all three objects contain a tuple of two values. For an exact value they’re both the same, for a range they contain the upper and lower amount, and for a minimum the second value is set to None. The addition operator is redefined so that any combination of these objects can be added together, returning an object of the correct type eg Exact + Range = Range etc. The best thing is that the values contained can be of absolutely any type. Taking full advantage of the Python approach to typing, the classes I’ve defined don’t even need to know what they contain. The addition will just work as long as the contained objects can be added together.
These classes are so flexible that there are lots of different ways I could use them. I could put my OldMoney objects inside them, or I could define a new money object which contains individual uncertain values for pound, shillings and pence. I could even nest the objects inside each other to allow for situations where the maximum value in a range is also a range.
Code below: (more…)
Christopher Thompson recently posted about his memories of the Public Records Office. I still think of it as the PRO even though it was recently rebranded as the National Archives, but I’m not quite old enough to remember Chancery Lane. When I started my PhD in January 1997, SP28 (financial and administrative records of the parliamentarian war effort) had just been moved to Kew.
Christopher wonders whether academic historians or PRO staff have a better knowledge of the public records. For records of the civil wars I’d be inclined to agree with him that academics have the upper hand. SP28 is not very well catalogued and sorted. Only researchers who have spent years working on it really know what’s there, and even now the source hasn’t been used to its full potential. Things are different with records of First World War soldiers. Amateur researchers seem to know far more about these than either academics or archive staff.
PRO/NA staff are increasingly aware that other people know more about their records than they do. One way they have responded is by launching Your Archives, a website running on wiki technology which allows anyone who has specialist knowledge of archival sources in the UK to contribute what they know. The site first opened to the public in spring 2007 and has continued to grow since then. I first started using it in October, and I’ve noticed an increase in activity in recent months. As well as the First World War stuff that I mentioned before, I’ve created a British Civil Wars category and started to populate it with my PhD notes, mostly taken from SP28.
There’s far more information that could be added, by me and by other people. Although contributions have been steadily increasing the number of regular contributors is still relatively small. I managed to encourage a few people from the Great War Forum to get involved, but not very many. Maybe one of the problems is that contributors need an unusual combination of specialist knowledge of archives, IT skills, and confidence with Web 2.0 ways of thinking. Or maybe Wikipedia has given all wikis a bad name that they don’t deserve.
If anyone who is reading this has relevant knowledge of PRO documents but hasn’t contributed to Your Archives, what would make you more likely to contribute?
The 11th Military History Carnival is now up at Battlefield Biker. Thanks to TJ for doing a great job. We’ve nearly made it to a year now. The 12th edition will be hosted by Ross Mahoney at Thoughts On Military History on 20th March. E-mail submissions to $mahoneyross$@$hotmail.com$ (without the “$” signs) or use our carnival submission form.
The next edition of the Military History Carnival will be at Battlefield Biker on 17th February. E-mail submissions to tj$at$battlefieldbiker$dot$com or use the carnival submission form.
Having decided to leave my 5th Lincolnshire First World War project for a while, I got an offer I couldn’t refuse: someone from the Great War Forum sent me a transcript of the battalion’s medal citations from the regimental archive so that I could publish them on my site and link them in to the index of people that I’d created for the book. The document contains information that can’t be found elsewhere, as although awards of the Military Medal were listed in the London Gazette, full citations were not normally published. There are also three awards not mentioned in Sandall’s list, and citations for 10 people who were recommended for awards but turned down.
I received the list as a Word file with no semantic markup on Wednesday morning, started working on it on Thursday morning, and published it on the web this afternoon. It looks very basic but it’s not bad for two days, and it’s all linked in to the index of people for Sandall’s book. First of all I copied the text into jEdit and used Find and Replace to insert some basic TEI XML markup. Then I pasted it into a new TEI document in oXygen. With the automatic validation it was easy to track down and correct errors in the markup, so by lunch time I had a completely valid TEI file. In the afternoon I spent about 3 or 4 hours on linking records by inserting key attributes into <persName> tags. In most cases I already had the keys that I used for linking names in Sandall, but sometimes I had to change them in the light of new evidence from the citations, such as full names of people who I previously only knew by their initials. This also allowed me to clear up some ambiguities . This morning I finished the linkage by creating new keys for the 13 people not mentioned by Sandall, then got started on writing some XSLT. That was easy as I could copy or adapt a lot of the code from the style sheet for Sandall. As well as generating the HTML version of the citations, this XSLT generates an extra JSON file which is imported into the Sandall index of people to allow linking the citations. Again this only required some minor adjustments to the Exhibit page. After some testing and corrections I had a live site up this afternoon.
This demonstrates the potential value of the techniques I’ve been using for marking up texts, but it also raises some problems for digital history. I decided to trust a transcript from a random person off the internet. I have no way of knowing how accurate the transcript is, or even if the source document really exists! It could be Hugh Trevor Roper and the “Hitler Diaries” all over again. Therefore I’m going to think more carefully before putting myself in this situation again. There’s also a possibility that I’ve miscalculated the copyright situation. Based on internal evidence and comparison with other documents my best guess is that the list was created by the army and is therefore under Crown Copyright (and being unpublished and available for inspection in a public record repository should come under waiver of Crown Copyright), but without seeing the original it’s hard to be sure. I might be wrong, and even if I’m right the holders of the manuscript might not agree. So technology makes some things easier, but there are other problems that it can’t solve.
The new version of Zotero makes it very easy to insert Zotero-friendly bibliographies into blogs. You can now drag and drop items straight from Zotero and it will automatically create a nicely formatted HTML bibliography with COinS metadata so that other people can grab your citations into their Zotero library (you need to change some preferences but it’s easy).
So I’m going through my old posts and adding bibliographies where applicable. I’ve got up to February 2007, but the rest shouldn’t take too long. Take a look at the post archives for 2006 to see it in action.
Having made good progress with my project to digitize Sandall’s History of 5th Lincolnshire Regiment in the last month I’m going to leave it for a while. This month I haven’t read any books or articles, haven’t written anything other than blog posts and computer code, and have only occasionally thought about historiography and theory. I kind of like it like that but I have other things to get on with now.
I’ve made some small changes since the last post. Dates now have tool tips, so if you hover over them you can see the full date. The place name index is a bit more user-friendly. I’ve replaced the hash values with query strings in the incoming links so that the Exhibit page filters the list down to the place passed in the query instead of displaying a box with the details. This means that you just have to click on “Map” to go straight to map view with only that place displayed. Once you’re there you can easily take the filter off again to see all the other places. The map view is also zoomed out further by default so that you can see Britain and Egypt. That means that you have to zoom in a long way to get to France and Flanders but I think it’s less confusing than not being able to see Grimsby or Alexandria unless you zoom out.
So the site is now in a satisfactory condition with lots of cool features, and now that I’ve worked out how to do everything I could probably get another book to the same stage within a few weeks. But there are still lots of features that could, and probably should, be added. See below for more details. (more…)
